Dicyanoisophorone-based near-infrared fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift for the monitoring and bioimaging of hypochlorite.

Hypochlorite (ClO-), as one of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is closely linked to various illnesses and is essential for the proper functioning of immune system. Hence, monitoring and assessing ClO- levels in organisms are extremely important for the clinical diagnosis of ClO--related disorders. In this study, a novel ClO--selective fluorescent probe, DCP-ClO, was synthesized with dicyanoisophorone-xanthene unit as parent fluorophore, which displayed excellent selectivity towards ClO-, near-infrared emission (755 nm), large Stokes shift (100 nm), real-time response to ClO-, high sensitivity (LOD = 3.95 × 10-8 M), and low cytotoxicity. The recognition mechanism of DCP-ClO towards ClO- was confirmed to be a typical ICT process by HPLC-MS, HR-MS, 1H NMR and theoretical calculations. Meanwhile, DCP-ClO demonstrated remarkable efficacy in monitoring ClO- levels in water samples and eye-catching ability in imaging endogenous/exogenous ClO- in living organisms, which verified its potential as a powerful tool for the recognition of ClO- in complex biological systems.

Overexpression of Wnt5a promoted the protective effect of mesenchymal stem cells on Lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial cell injury via activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND: Lung endothelial barrier injury plays an important role in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has shown promise in ARDS treatment and restoration of the impaired barrier function. It has been reported that Wnt5a shows protective effects on endothelial cells. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate whether overexpression of Wnt5a could promote the protective effects of MSCs on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial cell injury. METHODS: To evaluate the protective effects of MSCs overexpressing Wnt5a, we assessed the migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenic ability of endothelial cells. We assessed the transcription of protective cellular factors using qPCR and determined the molecular mechanism using Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Overexpression of Wnt5a upregulated the transcription of protective cellular factors in MSCs. Co-culture of MSCWnt5a promoted endothelial migration, proliferation and angiogenesis, and inhibited endothelial cell apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of Wnt5a promoted the therapeutic effect of MSCs on endothelial cell injury through the PI3K/AKT signaling. Our study provides a novel approach for utilizing genetically modified MSCs in the transplantation therapy for ARDS.

New Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Platform with Large Stokes Shift for Carboxylesterase 2 Detection in Thyroid Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases Diagnosis.

Development of new near-infrared fluorophores is one of the eternal themes in the field of biosensing and biological imaging. In this work, we constructed a novel fluorophore platform MOR by replacing methylindole of hemicyanine fluorophore (CyR) with benzoxazole to acquire better fluorescence characteristics. Based on the platform, a near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe MOR-CES2 was synthesized for the specific "off-on" response to carboxylesterase 2 (CES2). The probe exhibited excellent properties including near-infrared emission (735 nm), large Stokes shift (105 nm), high sensitivity (LOD, 0.3 ng/mL), and rapid response (15 min). The successful application of MOR-CES2 in biological imaging of CES2 in mice with thyroid cancer and inflammatory bowel disease demonstrated that the probe could identify cancer cells and tissues and sensitively respond to inflammation. The results proved the potency of MOR-CES2 as an efficient imaging tool to assist in the surgical resection of CES2-related tumors.

Uncovering Evolutionary Adaptations in Common Warthogs through Genomic Analyses.

In the Suidae family, warthogs show significant survival adaptability and trait specificity. This study offers a comparative genomic analysis between the warthog and other Suidae species, including the Luchuan pig, Duroc pig, and Red River hog. By integrating the four genomes with sequences from the other four species, we identified 8868 single-copy orthologous genes. Based on 8868 orthologous protein sequences, phylogenetic assessments highlighted divergence timelines and unique evolutionary branches within suid species. Warthogs exist on different evolutionary branches compared to DRCs and LCs, with a divergence time preceding that of DRC and LC. Contraction and expansion analyses of warthog gene families have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of their evolutionary adaptations. Using GO, KEGG, and MGI databases, warthogs showed a preference for expansion in sensory genes and contraction in metabolic genes, underscoring phenotypic diversity and adaptive evolution direction. Associating genes with the QTLdb-pigSS11 database revealed links between gene families and immunity traits. The overlap of olfactory genes in immune-related QTL regions highlighted their importance in evolutionary adaptations. This work highlights the unique evolutionary strategies and adaptive mechanisms of warthogs, guiding future research into the distinct adaptability and disease resistance in pigs, particularly focusing on traits such as resistance to African Swine Fever Virus.

The crosstalk between Toll and AMPK signaling pathways mediates growth inhibition of Eriocheir sinensis under deltamethrin stress.

Hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (HPND) broke out in 2015 in the Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture region of Xinghua, Jiangsu Province; however, the specific cause of HPND remains unclear. A correlation was found between HPND outbreak and the use of deltamethrin by farmers. In this study, E. sinensis specimens developed the clinical symptoms of HPND after 93 days of deltamethrin stress. The growth of E. sinensis with HPND was inhibited. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central regulator of energy homeostasis, and its expression was up-regulated in the intestine of E. sinensis with HPND. Growth inhibitory genes (EsCabut, Es4E-BP, and EsCG6770) were also up-regulated in the intestine of E. sinensis with HPND. The expression levels of EsCabut, Es4E-BP, and EsCG6770 decreased after EsAMPK knockdown. Therefore, AMPK mediated the growth inhibition of E. sinensis with HPND. Further analysis indicated the presence of a crosstalk between the Toll and AMPK signaling pathways in E. sinensis with HPND. Multiple genes in the Toll signaling pathway were upregulated in E. sinensis under 93 days of deltamethrin stress. EsAMPK and its regulated growth inhibition genes were down-regulated after the knockdown of genes in the Toll pathway. In summary, the crosstalk between the Toll and AMPK signaling pathways mediates the growth inhibition of E. sinensis under deltamethrin stress.

ResD-Net: A model for rapid prediction of antioxidant activity in gentian root using FT-IR spectroscopy.

Gentian, an herb resource known for its antioxidant properties, has garnered significant attention. However, existing methods are time-consuming and destructive for assessing the antioxidant activity in gentian root samples. In this study, we propose a method for swiftly predicting the antioxidant activity of gentian root using FT-IR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. We employed machine learning and deep learning models to establish the relationship between FT-IR spectra and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The results of model fitting reveal that the deep learning model outperforms the machine learning model. The model's performance was enhanced by incorporating the Double-Net and residual connection strategy. The enhanced model, named ResD-Net, excels in feature extraction and also avoids gradient vanishing. The ResD-Net model achieves an R2 of 0.933, an RMSE of 0.02, and an RPD of 3.856. These results support the accuracy and applicability of this method for rapidly predicting antioxidant activity in gentian root samples.

Functionally conserved PPARG exonic circRNAs enhance intramuscular fat deposition by regulating PPARG and HSL.

Circular RNAs (circRNA) are a kind of endogenous biological macromolecules that play significant roles in many biological processes, including adipogenesis, a precisely orchestrated process that is mediated by a large number of factors. Among them, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), is undoubtedly the most important regulator of adipocyte development in all types of adipose tissue. The formation of intramuscular fat (IMF), is a key factor that influences the meat quality in livestock animals. PPARG has been demonstrated to show a positive correlation with IMF deposition although the regulatory mechanism involved is not known. This study demonstrates that PPARG mediates IMF deposition by producing multiple exonic circRNAs (circPPARGs). Three circPPARGs promote adipogenic differentiation and inhibit the proliferation of intramuscular preadipocytes and these effects are conserved across several species including buffaloes, cattle and mice. Notably, circPPARG1 interacts with PPARG protein to inhibit the transcription of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) involved in lipolysis. In addition, the positive effects of circPPARG1 on IMF deposition were identified in mice in vivo. Thus, PPARG drives IMF deposition, not only through the common transcription factor pathway, but also by producing circRNAs. This study provides new insights into our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of PPARG in IMF deposition.

Theoretical insights into the AIE mechanism of assembles.

Fluorophores in aggregated state are commonly used in optoelectronic devices, and the molecular packing are complex and diverse, including crystal, amorphous aggregate in solution, thin film, ordered supramolecular assemblies, and highly ordered cell membrane. In addition, the luminous behavior of the aggregated state can be precisely regulated by external stimuli such as hydrostatic pressure. In this review, we summarize the representative progress on the application of multiscale modeling protocol to illustrate the underlying mechanism of fluorescent emission of organic dyes in different assembles. The aim is to obtain the molecular packing in different forms of assembles and then to understand their underlying mechanism of stimuli-responsive fluorescent behavior at the molecular level. This is essential for the rational design, synthesis, and efficient application of fluorescent dyes.

In Situ Photoisomerization of an Azobenzene-Based Triple Helicate with a Prolonged Thermal Relaxation Time.

The phosphate-coordination triple helicates A2 L3 (A=anion) with azobenzene-spaced bis-bis(urea) ligands (L) have proven to undergo a rare in situ photoisomerization (without disassembly of the structure) rather than the typically known, stepwise "disassembly-isomerization-reassembly" process. This is enabled by the structural self-adaptability of the "aniono" assembly arising from multiple relatively weak and flexible hydrogen bonds between the phosphate anion and bis(urea) units. Notably, the Z→E thermal relaxation rate of the isomerized azobenzene unit is significantly decreased (up to 20-fold) for the triple helicates compared to the free ligands. Moreover, the binding of chiral guest cations inside the cavity of the Z-isomerized triple helicate can induce optically pure diastereomers, thus demonstrating a new strategy for making light-activated chiroptical materials.

Identification of Gentian-Related Species Based on Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS) Combined with Residual Neural Network (ResNet).

Gentian is a traditional Chinese herb with heat-clearing, damp-drying, inflammation-alleviating and digestion-promoting effects, which is widely used in clinical practice. However, there are many species of gentian. According to the pharmacopoeia, Gentiana manshurica Kitag, Gentiana scabra Bge, Gentiana triflora Pall and Gentianarigescens Franch are included. Therefore, accurately identifying the species of gentian is important in clinical use. In recent years, with the advantages of low cost, convenience, fast analysis and high sensitivity, infrared spectroscopy (IR) has been extensively used in herbal identification. Unlike one-dimensional spectroscopy, a two-dimensional correlation spectrum (2D-COS) can improve the resolution of the spectrum and better highlight the details that are difficult to detect. In addition, the residual neural network (ResNet) is an important breakthrough in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for significant advantages related to image recognition. Herein, we propose a new method for identifying gentian-related species using 2D-COS combined with ResNet. A total of 173 gentian samples from seven different species are collected in this study. In order to eliminate a large amount of redundant information and improve the efficiency of machine learning, the extracted feature band method was used to optimize the model. Four feature bands were selected from the infrared spectrum, namely 3500-3000 cm-1, 3000-2750 cm-1, 1750-1100 cm-1 and 1100-400 cm-1, respectively. The one-dimensional spectral data were converted into synchronous 2D-COS images, asynchronous 2D-COS images, and integrative 2D-COS images using Matlab (R2022a). The identification strategy for these three 2D-COS images was based on ResNet, which analyzes 2D-COS images based on single feature bands and full bands as well as fused feature bands. According to the results, (1) compared with the other two 2D-COS images, synchronous 2D-COS images are more suitable for the ResNet model, and (2) after extracting a single feature band 1750-1100 cm-1 to optimize ResNet, the model has the best convergence performance, the accuracy of training, test and external validation is 1 and the loss value is only 0.155. In summary, 2D-COS combined with ResNet is an effective and accurate method to identify gentian-related species.

Detection of oxytetracycline in milk using a novel carbon dots-based fluorescence probe via facile pyrolysis synthesis.

Amphiphilic blue-fluorescence carbon dots (B-CDs) were synthesized via pyrolysis method with citric acid and oleamine as precursors. B-CDs are monodispersed in ethanol, toluene, and ultrapure water with the average particle sizes of 3.33 nm, 2.05 nm, and 4.12 nm, respectively. The maximum emission wavelength of the B-CDs excitation at 370 nm is located at 459 nm. The B-CDs have good optical properties with excellent photostability. The fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of the as-prepared CDs is as high as 30.17%. The fluorescence of B-CDs is quenched because of static quenching by oxytetracycline. A high selective and sensitive fluorescence probe for detecting oxytetracycline was constructed with a linear range of 1.52-27.60 µg/mL and the detection limit of 0.33 µg/mL. The B-CDs-based fluorescence probe can be applied to analyze oxytetracycline in milk; the recoveries and relative standard are satisfactory. Furthermore, the B-CDs were exploited for imaging of SH-SY5Y cells. The results demonstrate that as-synthesized CDs can serve as a cellular imaging reagent owing to remarkable bioimaging performance. This work provides a new strategy for the detection of oxytetracycline in food.

Diversity in Cell Morphology, Composition, and Function among Adipose Depots in River Buffaloes.

Fat deposition is a significant economic trait in livestock animals. Adipose tissues (ATs) developed in subcutaneous and visceral depots are considered waste whereas those within muscle are highly valued. In river buffaloes, lipogenesis is highly active in subcutaneous (especially in the sternum subcutaneous) and visceral depots but not in muscle tissue. Revealing the features and functions of ATs in different depots is significant for the regulation of their development. Here, we characterize the cell size, composition, and function of six AT depots in river buffaloes. Our data support that the subcutaneous AT depots have a larger cell size than visceral AT depots, and the subcutaneous AT depots, especially the sternum subcutaneous AT, are mainly associated with the extracellular matrix whereas the visceral AT depots are mainly associated with immunity. We found that sternum subcutaneous AT is significantly different from ATs in other depots, due to the high unsaturated fatty acid content and the significant association with metabolic protection. The perirenal AT is more active in FA oxidation for energy supply. In addition, the expression of HOX paralogs supports the variable origins of ATs in different depots, indicating that the development of ATs in different depots is mediated by their progenitor cells. The present study enhances our understanding of the cellular and molecular features, metabolism, and origin of AT depots in buffaloes, which is significant for the regulation of fat deposition and provides new insights into the features of AT depots in multiple discrete locations.

Duox mediated ROS production inhibited WSSV replication in Eriocheir sinensis under short-term nitrite stress.

Nitrite stress and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection are major problems threatening the sustainable and healthy development of Eriocheir sinensis. Some studies have found that nitrite stress can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas synthetic ROS plays a vital role in the signaling pathway. However, whether nitrite stress influences the infection of crabs by WSSV remains unclear. NADPH oxidases, including NOX1-5 and Duox1-2, are important for ROS production. In the present study, a novel Duox gene (designated as EsDuox) was identified from E. sinensis. The studies found that nitrite stress could increase the expression of EsDuox during WSSV infection and decrease the transcription of the WSSV envelope protein VP28. Moreover, nitrite stress could increase the production of ROS, and the synthesis of ROS relied on EsDuox. These results indicated a potential "nitrite stress-Duox activation-ROS production" pathway that plays a negative role in WSSV infection in E. sinensis. Further studies found that nitrite stress and EsDuox could promote the expression of EsDorsal transcriptional factor and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) during WSSV infection. Moreover, the synthesis of AMPs was positively regulated by EsDorsal in the process of WSSV infection under nitrite stress. Furthermore, EsDorsal played an inhibitory role in the replication of WSSV under nitrite stress. Our study reveals a new pathway for "nitrite stress-Duox activation-ROS production-Dorsal activation-AMP synthesis" that is involved in the defense against WSSV infection in E. sinensis during short-term nitrite stress.

Parental perceptions of bilingualism and home language vocabulary: Young bilingual children from low-income immigrant Mexican American and Chinese American families.

Dual language learners (DLLs), especially those from immigrant families in the United States, risk losing their home language as they gradually shift to speaking English as they grow up. Given the potential benefits of bilingualism on children's cognitive, linguistic, and social-emotional development, it is crucial to maintain children's home language to foster bilingual development. The current literature suggests that parental beliefs toward bilingualism and the language and literacy environment are linked to children's language development. With the growing number of DLLs living in the United States, little is known about what parental beliefs about bilingualism of their children are integrated into these bilingual households and parents' role in home language maintenance. The present study addresses the gap in the literature by investigating low-income immigrant families, specifically Chinese American and Mexican American families, and exploring the parental perceptions of children's bilingual language learning. Further, the present study examines the relations among parental perceptions of bilingualism, home language and literacy practices, and home language oral proficiency. Data were collected from a total of 41 Mexican American and 91 Chinese American low-income immigrant families with DLLs ages 50-88 months who had been recruited from Head Start programs and state-funded preschools in Northern California when the children were 3-4 years old. Information about shared reading frequency, home language exposure and usage, and parental perceptions of bilingualism was collected through parental interviews, and DLLs' home language oral proficiency was individually assessed. No significant difference in home language oral proficiency was observed between the two groups. Principal Components Analysis on the parental perceptions of bilingualism measure revealed two components, "Importance of Being Bilingual" and "English over Bilingualism." Stepwise regression analysis results show that "Importance of Being Bilingual" was associated with children's home language oral proficiency after controlling for culture, child age, the frequency of home language shared book reading, and child home language exposure and use. The results show that parents' positive beliefs toward bilingualism are related to the children's use of that language and their children's language outcomes. Implications and suggestions for home language and literacy support for DLLs are discussed.

A long non-coding RNA lnc210 promotes adipogenic differentiation of buffalo intramuscular adipocytes.

Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is one of the most significant factors influencing beef quality in terms of tenderness, flavor, and juiciness. Thus, internal factors affecting IMF deposition have received considerable attention for decades. In this study, we demonstrated a long non-coding RNA, lnc210, promoted adipogenic differentiation of buffalo intramuscular adipocytes. lnc210 was rich in adipose tissue and showed increased expression with the adipogenic differentiation of buffalo intramuscular adipocytes. lnc210 was mainly expressed in the nucleus of adipocytes. Full-length lnc210 was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends technology. lnc210 overexpression promoted lipid accumulation by upregulating the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) in buffalo intramuscular adipocytes. These results provide a basis for an in-depth analysis of the role of lnc210 in accelerating IMF deposition in buffaloes.

Systematic review of clinical effects of enamel matrix derivative as adjunctive therapy for gingival recession / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To evaluate the clinical effect of enamel matrix derivative(EMD) assisted with connective tissue graft(CTG) in the treatment of gingival recession.@*Methods @#Search The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Wanfang Public Database,VIP database and CNKI to search for randomized controlled trials of EMD in the treatment of gingival recession. The search period is from the establishment of the databases to October 3, 2022. The test group was treated with EMD+CTG, while the control group was treated with CTG alone. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4.1 and Stat12.0.@*Results@# Meta analysis results showed that only 12 months after treatment, there was a statistically significant difference in the PD and CAL outcome indicators between the EMD assisted treatment group and the control group [MDPD=-0.10, 95% CI (-0.19, -0.01), P = 0.03], [MDCAL=-0.38, 95% CI(-0.71, -0.04), P = 0.03]. There was no significant difference between the test group and the control group in other indicators.@*Conclusion @#EMD assisted CTG in the treatment of gingival recession may be beneficial to the reduction of PD and CAL.

Integrated pyroptosis measurement and metabolomics to elucidate the effect and mechanism of tangzhiqing on atherosclerosis.

Tangzhiqing formula (TZQ) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescribed to treat glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. A significant effect of TZQ on diabetes and hyperlipidemia has been demonstrated, but its effect on atherosclerosis (AS) remains unknown. This study combines pyroptosis with metabolomics to elucidate the effect and mechanism of TZQ on AS. A model of AS was developed using ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. After 6 weeks of atorvastatin (Ator) or TZQ treatment, aortic lumen diameter, aortic lesion size, serum lipid profile, cytokines, and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis were analyzed. Serum metabolomics profiles were obtained to examine the effect of TZQ on AS and the correlation between pyroptosis and metabolites was further analyzed. As a result, TZQ significantly reduced the diameter of the common carotid artery during diastole and the blood flow velocity in the aorta during systole; reduced blood lipid levels, arterial vascular plaques, and the release of inflammatory cytokines; and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. According to metabolomics profiling, TZQ is engaged in the treatment of AS via altering arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, steroid hormone production, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. The cytochrome P450 enzyme family and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) are two major metabolic enzymes associated with pyroptosis.

FATP1 Exerts Variable Effects on Adipogenic Differentiation and Proliferation in Cells Derived From Muscle and Adipose Tissue.

In livestock, intramuscular adipose tissue is highly valued whereas adipose tissue in other depots is considered as waste. Thus, genetic factors that favor fat deposition in intramuscular compartments over that in other adipose depots are highly desirable in meat-producing animals. Fatty acid transport 1 (FATP1) has been demonstrated to promote cellular fatty acid uptake and metabolism; however, whether it also influences cellular lipid accumulation remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of FATP1 on the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes in five types of cells derived from muscle and adipose tissue and estimated the effects of FATP1 on intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition. We showed that FATP1 is mainly expressed in heart and muscle tissue in buffaloes as well as cells undergoing adipogenic differentiation. Importantly, we found that FATP1 promoted the adipogenic differentiation of muscle-derived cells (buffalo myocytes and intramuscular preadipocytes and mouse C2C12 cells) but did not affect, or even inhibited, that of adipose-derived cells (buffalo subcutaneous preadipocytes and mouse 3T3-L1 cells, respectively). Correspondingly, our results further indicated that FATP1 promotes IMF deposition in mice in vivo. Meanwhile, FATP1 was found to enhance the proliferative activity of all the assessed cells, except murine 3T3-L1 cells. These results provide new insights into the potential effects of FATP1 on IMF deposition, especially regarding its positive effects on meat quality in buffaloes and other livestock.

Favorable effect of rivaroxaban against vascular dysfunction in diabetic mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in various complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Rivaroxaban (Xarelto; Bayer), an oral direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor, prevents the activation of the coagulation cascade in CVD. Considering its anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effects, we assessed the hypothesis that rivaroxaban treatment may attenuate the vascular lesion and dysfunction in T2DM mice. C57BL/6, BKS-db/db, BKS-db/+, wild-type (WT), and NLRP3-/- mice were fed with standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD). Biochemical indexes, vascular lesions, and protein expression were evaluated using Western blot analysis, immunofluorescent staining, and RNA interference. Rivaroxaban presented favorable protection of vascular dysfunction in T2DM mice with significantly relieved vascular tension, intima-media thickness, and collagen deposition. Similar improvements in NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) knockout groups and rivaroxaban pointed to the positive role of rivaroxaban against vascular dysfunction in diabetic mice by ameliorating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, the augmentation of inflammation and cell dysfunction in mice aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) and smooth muscle cells (MOVASs) induced by soluble FXa may be blocked by rivaroxaban via protease-activated receptors (PAR-1, PAR-2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) pathway. The data indicate that the development of vascular dysfunction and inflammation in T2DM mice may be blocked by rivaroxaban in vivo and in vitro. Rivaroxaban treatment may also attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome activation via PARs, MAPK, and NF-κB pathway. This study provides mechanistic evidence of rivaroxaban therapies for vascular complications of T2DM.

Prediction Performance Comparison of Risk Management and Control Mode in Regional Sites Based on Decision Tree and Neural Network.

The traditional risk management and control mode (RMCM) in regional sites has the defects of low efficiency, high cost, and lack of systematism. Trying to resolve these defects and explore the application possibility of machine learning, a characteristic dataset for RMCM in regional sites was established. Three decision tree (DT) algorithms (CHAID, EXHAUSTIVE CHAID, and CART) and two artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms [back propagation (BP) and radial basis function (RBF)] were implemented to predict RMCM in regional sites. The results showed that in the aspects of accuracy (ACC), precision (PRE), recall ratio (REC), and F1 value, CART-DT was superior to CHAID-DT and EXHAUSTIVE CHAID-DT (E-CHAID-DT); and BP-ANN was superior to RBF-ANN. However, CART-DT was inferior to BP-ANN in ACC, PRE, REC, and F1 value. BP-ANN model is good at non-linear mapping, and it has a flexible network structure and a low risk of over-fitting. The case study of a typical county demonstration area confirmed the extensibility of the method, and the method has great potential in RMCM prediction in regional sites in the future.